![]() This article describes how a slit-die viscometer connected to a laboratory extruder can be used to obtain accurate data on melt viscosity at various shear rates and temperatures. Further, instabilities such as melt fracture can be quantified and predicted if viscosity data is obtained from a capillary rheometer or slit-die viscometer. Proper selection of an extruder screw or extrusion die requires knowledge of viscosity as a function of shear rate. Viscosity data is required in screw and die design and also in computer simulation of the extrusion process. Such data provides a valuable quality-control tool. More commonly polycythaemia is due to factors outside the bone marrow (secondary polycythaemia).Data on melt viscosity at various shear rates is useful in most extrusion operations. In primary polycythaemia (polycythaemia vera, PV, or, polycythaemia rubra vera, PRV) the bone marrow overproduces red blood cells of its own accord. However, it may reflect a condition called polycythaemia where there are too many red cells. ![]() The most common cause of increased PCV is dehydration, and with adequate fluid intake, the PCV returns to normal. Bone marrow disorders such as aplastic anaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, leukaemia, lymphoma or myeloma.Haemolysis, where the red cells are being destroyed prematurely either due to attack by the body’s immune system, due to organ damage or due to inherited abnormalities of the red cells or the haemoglobin they contain.Kidney disease (healthy kidneys secrete a hormone erythropoietin or “epo” which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow).Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.B12 or folate) or other mineral deficiencies Further testing may be necessary to determine the exact cause of anaemia.Ĭonditions that can result in a low PCV include Haemodilution is usually obvious due to administration of a bolus of intravenous fluids (water containing solutions into the blood stream) or pregnancy. We are not a laboratory and are unable to comment on an individual's health and treatment.Ī decreased PCV indicates anaemia, or haemodilution. Lab Tests Online-UK is an educational website designed to provide patients and carers with information on laboratory tests used in medical care. If you are concerned about your test results, you will need to arrange an appointment with your doctor so that all relevant information including age, ethnicity, health history, signs and symptoms, laboratory and other procedures (radiology, endoscopy, etc.), can be considered. If the doctor wants to see you about the result(s), you will be offered an appointment. Your GP practice will be able to provide specific details. If you are registered to use the online services of your local practice, you may be able to access your results online. The X-ray & scan results may take longer. Some specialist test results may take longer, if samples have to be sent to a reference (specialist) laboratory. On average it takes 7 working days for the blood test results to come back from the hospital, depending on the exact tests requested. Urine Protein and Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio.Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio or ACR.Unvalidated or misleading laboratory tests.Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Antibody. ![]() Genetic Tests for Targeted Cancer Therapy.First Trimester (Combined) Screen for Down’s Syndrome and other fetal anomalies.Factor V Leiden Mutation and PT 20210 Mutation. ![]()
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